【奥译言】计算乳腺癌新方法，为女性量身定制！

2019-02-19 11:44 阅读数：3680 标签：

由剑桥大学牵头的一个研究小组开发了一种计算乳腺癌风险的新方法。

该在线计算器可以对家族史和遗传信息以及其他因素进行分析，如体重、绝经年龄、饮酒量和激素替代疗法的使用情况。

研究人员在一项研究中发现，通过对所有这类因素进行评估，可以识别出乳腺癌患病风险不同的女性群体。

在该在线计算器的开发过程中，研究人员将300多种乳腺癌遗传指标纳入计算考量。目前一些全科医生、执业护士和基因咨询师正在对该在线工具进行测试，然后才考虑是否对其进行推广使用。

该在线计算器包含一系列与患者相关的问题，很多医生也常常会在线回答一些问题，包括患者的家族史、疾病史、以及他们是否携带与癌症相关的基因突变，他们的体重以及他们是否饮酒。

未来，根据不同个体所存在的风险情况，可以利用诸类信息定制针对不同个体的乳腺癌筛查服务，并有助于对其实施预防治疗计划。

剑桥大学公共卫生和初级保健部（Department of Public Health and Primary Care）的Antonis Antoniou教授说：“这是人类有史以来第一次将这么多元素整合到一个乳腺癌预测工具中。这或许有望改善对乳腺癌疾病的预防和早期治疗，因为我们能更精准地识别不同患乳腺癌风险水平的女性，而不仅仅是乳腺癌高风险女性。

Antonis Antoniou教授还表示：“这也许就能帮助医生根据患者的风险水平来制定治疗策略，我们希望这意味着更多的人可以及早诊断并存活更长时间，但在我们充分了解如何使用这一方法之前, 还需要进行更多的研究和试验。”

乳腺癌是英国最常见的一种癌症，每年大约有5.5万名女性被诊断出患有这种疾病，而且大部分乳腺癌病例发生在可预测的高风险女性群体中。

英国癌症研究中心Richard Roope博士评述该项成果时说：“这是一项非常令人振奋的突破，使我们能为女性提供量身定制的关护，充分利用现有服务和检测条件，让患者获益。”

英文原文

Online calculator could predict breast cancer risk

A University of Cambridge-led research team has developed a new approach for calculating the risk of developing breast cancer.

The online calculator analyses family history and genetic information along with additional factors such as weight, age at menopause, alcohol consumption and hormone replacement therapy use.

During a study, researchers observed that assessment of all these factors could allow identification of women at varying risks of developing breast cancer.

For the development of the new tool, the team considered more than 300 genetic indicators for breast cancer. The calculator is currently being tested by a group of GPs, practice nurses and genetic counsellors.

The online tool comprises a set of questions regarding a patient, including medical and family history, genetic alterations related to cancer, and weight.

This information is expected to help customise breast cancer screening based on an individual’s risk as well as aid preventative therapy planning.

University of Cambridge Department of Public Health and Primary Care professor Antonis Antoniou said: “This is the first time that anyone has combined so many elements into one breast cancer prediction tool.

“It could be a game changer for breast cancer because now we can identify large numbers of women with different levels of risk, not just women who are at high risk.

“This should help doctors to tailor the care they provide depending on their patients’ level of risk. We hope this means more people can be diagnosed early and survive their disease for longer, but more research and trials are needed before we will fully understand how this could be used.”

In the UK, breast cancer is considered to be the most common form of cancer, with approximately 55,000 women diagnosed every year. The majority of cases are known to be of people at higher risk.

内容来自：Verdict Medical Devices

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